- Withdrawal Rate (WD rate)
- The percentage of your remaining corpus you pull out each year to fund expenses. The classic safe withdrawal rate is 4% (Bengen 1994); for India with higher inflation, 3.5% is more realistic.
- Corpus
- The total pot of money you have. Nominal corpus is the rupee number on your statement; real corpus is the same money expressed in today's purchasing power after inflation.
- FD (Fixed Deposit)
- A bank/NBFC term deposit. Returns 5.5–7.5% in India (May 2026), fully taxable as "income from other sources" at your slab rate.
- SCSS (Senior Citizen Savings Scheme)
- Government-of-India scheme for ages 60+ paying 8.2% per annum (Q1 FY 25-26), max ₹30 L per individual (₹60 L per couple), quarterly payout, 5-year tenure extendable by 3 years. India Post source.
- SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan)
- A scheduled withdrawal from a mutual fund. You sell a fixed rupee amount of units each month; only the gains portion is taxed (LTCG 12.5% beyond ₹1.25 L for equity, slab rate for debt).
- LTCG (Long-Term Capital Gains)
- On equity held more than 1 year, tax is 12.5% with a ₹1.25 L annual exemption — changed from 10% / ₹1 L by Finance Act 2024 (Budget 2024).
- Section 87A Rebate
- Under FY 2025-26 New Regime, total income up to ₹12 L pays zero income tax thanks to this rebate, with marginal relief for amounts just above the ceiling.
- Section 80TTB
- Senior citizens (60+) can deduct up to ₹50,000 of interest income (FD, savings, post office) from taxable income each year.
- FRSB (RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds)
- 7-year tenure RBI bond. Rate floats with NSC + 35 bps (currently 8.05%, Jan–Jun 2026), interest paid semi-annually, fully taxable at slab rate.
- Annuity (Lifetime)
- You pay an insurer a lumpsum; they pay you a fixed monthly income for life (LIC Jeevan Akshay-style). Safe but inflexible — no inflation adjustment, money "dies" with you unless return-of-purchase option is taken.
- Monte Carlo Simulation
- Instead of using one "average" return, the calculator runs the same plan 500 times with random returns drawn from a bell curve — centred on your expected equity return, with spread set by equity volatility. The output is a probability your plan succeeds, not a single answer.
- Sequence-of-Returns Risk
- When you're withdrawing, the order of returns matters. A 30% crash in year 2 of retirement is far worse than the same crash in year 20, even when the long-run average is identical.
- Retirement calculator
- A tool that projects how long a lumpsum lasts given monthly spending, returns, inflation, and taxes. This one outputs runway in years, depletion age, real purchasing power at the end, and probability of success (Monte Carlo).
- How much money do I need to retire in India? (rule of thumb)
- At ~6% Indian inflation, a corpus of 25–30× annual expenses tends to last a 25–30 year retirement and 35–40× about 50 years (FIRE). At ₹1 L/month (₹12 L/year): roughly ₹3–3.6 Cr normal retirement, ₹4–5 Cr early retirement. This is just a yardstick — this tool works the other way round, taking a lumpsum you already have and telling you the exact number of years it lasts.
- Healthcare inflation (India)
- Indian healthcare costs rise at 12–14% per year — roughly twice the general consumer-price inflation of 5–6%. By year 20, your hospital bill at age 80 may be 12–15× current cost.
- Real vs. Nominal returns
- Nominal is the headline rupee number. Real is the same number after subtracting inflation, i.e. in today's purchasing power. ₹10 Cr in 30 years at 6% inflation has the purchasing power of only ₹1.74 Cr today.
- FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early)
- Saving and investing enough that work becomes optional — your corpus alone funds your lifestyle. FIRE = FI (Financially Independent) + RE (Retire Early). This calculator is a FIRE calculator too: set your age to 40 or 45 and a 50-year horizon to test an early retirement.
- FIRE number
- The corpus you need to stop working: annual expenses ÷ safe withdrawal rate. At a 4% rate that's 25× your yearly spending; at India-realistic 3–3.3% it's roughly 30×–33×. It is simply the reciprocal of your withdrawal rate.
- Lean FIRE / Fat FIRE / Coast FIRE / Barista FIRE
- Flavours of early retirement. Lean FIRE — frugal lifestyle, smaller corpus (~25×). Fat FIRE — premium lifestyle, larger corpus (~30–40×+). Coast FIRE — you saved enough early that compounding alone reaches your goal by 60, so you only cover today's costs. Barista FIRE — part-time income covers part of your spending, so you draw less from the corpus.
- The 25× / 30× / 33× / 40× rule
- A shortcut for your target corpus = a multiple of yearly expenses. 25× matches the 4% rule (US); for India's higher inflation, planners use 30× (3.3%) or 33× (3%), and 40× (2.5%) for ultra-safe or very long early retirements.
- Accumulation vs. Decumulation
- Accumulation is the working-years phase of building a corpus (via SIPs, EPF, NPS). Decumulation (drawdown) is the retirement phase of spending it down without running out. This tool models the decumulation phase.
- Bucket strategy
- Splitting your corpus by time horizon: Bucket 1 — 2–3 years of cash/FDs for immediate spending; Bucket 2 — medium-term debt/hybrid funds; Bucket 3 — equity for long-term growth. It avoids selling stocks during a crash, softening sequence-of-returns risk.
- Asset allocation, equity glide path & rebalancing
- Asset allocation is the split between equity and safer assets. An equity glide path changes that split with age (often more bonds as you age, sometimes the reverse in early retirement). Rebalancing is periodically selling winners and topping up the rest to restore your target mix.
- Longevity risk
- The risk of outliving your money. Because you can't know your lifespan, plans usually assume living to 85–90+. This calculator lets you set the horizon up to 60 years so you can stress-test a long life.
- Replacement rate
- The share of your pre-retirement income you need after retiring. A common rule of thumb is 70–80%, since some work-related costs fall — though in India rising healthcare costs can push it higher.
- Emergency fund
- 6–12 months of essential expenses kept in cash or a liquid fund, separate from your retirement corpus, so a sudden bill never forces you to sell investments at a bad time.
- CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)
- The smoothed yearly growth rate that takes an investment from its start to its end value as if it grew steadily each year. The Nifty 50's 20-year CAGR is roughly 11–12%.
- XIRR (Extended Internal Rate of Return)
- The annualised return when money goes in and out on irregular dates — the right way to measure the real return on a series of SIPs or staggered withdrawals.
- Real rate of return
- Your investment return minus inflation — what your money actually gains in buying power. A 9% return at 6% inflation is only a ~3% real return; this is the number that decides whether a corpus lasts.
- NPS (National Pension System)
- A low-cost, market-linked pension scheme (Tier I) regulated by PFRDA; you choose an equity/debt mix and it stays locked until 60. At 60 you can take up to 60% as a tax-free lump sum; at least 40% must buy an annuity (its income is taxed at your slab). Offers an extra ₹50,000 deduction under Section 80CCD(1B) (Old Regime). To use it here: add the lump sum to "Total savings" and the annuity to "Pension or rent you receive".
- EPF / EPFO & EPS (Employees' Provident & Pension Fund)
- A mandatory savings scheme for salaried employees: employee and employer each contribute 12% of basic + DA, earning about 8.25% p.a. (recent years) with EEE tax-free status. A slice of the employer's share funds EPS, a small lifelong pension. Your EPF balance at retirement is part of your starting corpus.
- VPF (Voluntary Provident Fund)
- An optional top-up to your EPF beyond the mandatory 12%, earning the same ~8.25% tax-free (EEE) rate. A popular low-risk way for salaried savers to boost the safe portion of their corpus.
- PPF (Public Provident Fund)
- A government-backed 15-year savings scheme paying 7.1% p.a. (Q-by-Q) with full EEE tax-free status, max ₹1.5 L/year, eligible for Section 80C. The classic safe, tax-free backbone of an Indian retirement corpus.
- PMVVY (Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana)
- A government-backed LIC pension scheme for seniors (60+) that paid a guaranteed income (~7.4%) for 10 years. It is closed to new subscribers since 31 March 2023; SCSS is now the main sovereign-backed senior option. Model any existing PMVVY payout under "Pension or rent you receive".
- APY (Atal Pension Yojana)
- A government scheme for the unorganised sector (join between ages 18–40) giving a guaranteed pension of ₹1,000–₹5,000 a month from age 60. Income-tax payers are no longer eligible to join (since Oct 2022).
- POMIS (Post Office Monthly Income Scheme)
- A 5-year Post Office scheme paying a fixed monthly income (~7.4%), capped at ₹9 L single / ₹15 L joint. Interest is taxable at slab. A simple, safe income source — add its payout to "Pension or rent you receive".
- NSC (National Savings Certificate)
- A 5-year government savings certificate paying about 7.7% p.a. (compounded, paid at maturity), eligible for Section 80C. Interest is taxable but counts toward the 80C limit as it accrues.
- SGB (Sovereign Gold Bonds)
- RBI-issued bonds that track the gold price and also pay 2.5% annual interest; capital gains are tax-free if held to maturity (8 years). A tax-efficient way to hold gold as a diversifier rather than a core retirement-income asset.
- SIP & Step-up SIP
- A Systematic Investment Plan invests a fixed amount in a mutual fund at regular intervals, averaging your buy price over time. A step-up (or top-up) SIP raises that amount each year — usually with your income — to build the corpus faster. (SIPs are an accumulation tool; this calculator begins after the corpus is built.)
- EEE vs. EET (tax treatment)
- How a product is taxed at three stages — contribution, growth, withdrawal. EEE (Exempt-Exempt-Exempt) means all three are tax-free — PPF, EPF and Sukanya Samriddhi. EET means the withdrawal is taxed — broadly how NPS works (the 40% annuity is taxed as income).
- Section 80C & 80CCD(1B)
- Section 80C lets you deduct up to ₹1.5 L of investments (PPF, EPF, ELSS, NSC, 5-yr FD, life insurance) from taxable income; 80CCD(1B) adds ₹50,000 just for NPS. Note: these deductions apply under the Old Regime only — the New Regime (this tool's default) removes most of them in exchange for lower slab rates.
- STCG (Short-Term Capital Gains)
- Tax on equity or equity funds sold within 1 year: now 20% (raised from 15% by Finance Act 2024). Holding past one year instead makes it long-term (LTCG at 12.5%), which is why retirees prefer to sell older units.
- TDS (Tax Deducted at Source)
- Tax the payer withholds before paying you — e.g. a bank deducts ~10% on FD interest above ₹40,000 (₹50,000 for seniors). You reclaim any excess when filing; seniors with no tax liability can submit Form 15H to stop it.
- Indexation
- Adjusting an asset's purchase cost up for inflation so you're taxed only on the real gain. Budget 2024 removed indexation for most assets (equity LTCG is now a flat 12.5% with no indexation), with limited grandfathering for older property.
- Gratuity & Superannuation
- Gratuity is a lump sum an employer pays after 5+ years of service (tax-free up to ₹20 L). Superannuation means reaching retirement age — and the employer pension fund that may pay out then. Both feed your opening corpus or pension income in this tool.